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Thin layers of indium tin oxide are widely used as transparent coatings and electrodes in solar energy cells1, flat-panel displays2,3, antireflection coatings4, radiation protection5 and lithium-ion battery materials6, because they have the characteristics of low resistivity, strong absorption at ultraviolet wavelengths, high transmission in the visible7, high reflectivity in the far-infrared and strong attenuation in the microwave region However, there is often a trade-off between electrical

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Measuring the DNA content of eukaryotic cells is a fundamental task in biology and medicine We have observed a linear relationship between the DNA content of eukaryotic cells and the change in capacitance that is evoked by the passage of individual cells across a 1-kHz electric field This relationship is species-independent; consequently, we have developed a microfluidic technique— ‘‘capacitance cytometry’’—that can be used to quantify the DNA content of single eukaryotic cells and to analyz

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Abstract Cantilever torque magnetometry is utilized widely in physics and material science for the determination of magnetic properties of thin films and semiconductors Here, we report on its first application in rock magnetism, namely the determination of K1 and K2 of single crystal octahedra of natural magnetite The design of cantilever magnetometers allows optimization for the specific research question at hand For the present study, a cantilever magnetometer was used that enables measu

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The thermal expansion coefficient ! of MgB2 is revealed to change from positive to negative on cooling through the superconducting transition temperature Tc The Grüneisen function also becomes negative at Tc followed by a dramatic increase to large positive values at low temperature The results suggest anomalous coupling between superconducting electrons and low-energy phonons